Proto-Dartminic Sound Changes ◈ Derperor's Conlangs

The ancient Proto-Dartminic peoples migrated out of the Proto-Skomi Urheimat roughly 5000 years ago, carrying with them their language which evolved steadily for thousands of years. The summary of the sound changes are as such:

Lenitioning of voiced plosives to fricatives or taps.
Simplification of plosive + /s/ clusters.
Development of voiceless nasals.
Lowering of vowels near /h/.
Raising of vowels near /ʔ/.
Debuccalisation of /s/ to /h/.

Feature +stress, +aspiration, +throwaway0, +throwaway1, +long
Diacritic ː [+long]
Diacritic ˈ (floating) [+stress]
Diacritic ʰ [+aspiration]
Diacritic ̥ [+throwaway0]
Diacritic ̊ [+throwaway1]
Symbol ɨ̯ə, ɤɨ̯, ʉ̯ə, ɵʉ̯, ɛ̯ɐ
Class consonant {m, m̥, n, n̥, ŋ, ŋ̊, p, pʰ, b, t, tʰ, d, c, cʰ, k, kʰ, g, ʔ, v, s, sʰ, z, ɣ, h, ɦ, l, r, ɾ, j, ɥ, w}
Class voiced {m, n, ŋ, b, d, g, v, z, ɣ, ɦ, l, r, ɾ, j, ɥ, w}
Class unvoiced {m̥, n̥, ŋ̊, p, pʰ, t, tʰ, c, cʰ, k, kʰ, ʔ, s, sʰ, h}
Class plosive {p, pʰ, b, t, tʰ, d, c, cʰ, k, kʰ, g, ʔ}
Class liquid {l, r, ɾ}
Class glide {j, ɥ, w}
Class fricative {v, s, sʰ, z, ɣ, h, ɦ}
Class hfric {h, ɦ}
Class zfric {v, s, sʰ, z, ɣ}
Class sfric {v, s, sʰ, z}
Class nasal {m, m̥, n, n̥, ŋ, ŋ̊}
Class vowel {i, ɪ, iː, ɨ̯ə, e, ɛ, eː, ɤɨ̯, a, aː, ɑ, ɑː, ɛ̯ɐ, ə, u, ʊ, uː, ʉ̯ə, o, ɔ, oː, ɵʉ̯}
Class front {i, ɪ, iː, e, ɛ, eː, ɛ̯ɐ, ʉ̯ə, ɵʉ̯}
Class back {ɨ̯ə, ɤɨ̯, a, aː, ɑ, ɑː, u, ʊ, uː, o, ɔ, oː}
Class moved {ɓ, ɗ, ʄ, ɠ, ʛ}
Syllables:
    explicit

glottal-fricative-removal cleanup:
    {h, ɦ} => * / _ {x, ɣ}

approximant-simplification cleanup:
    w => * / @consonant _ j
    w j => ɥ * // $ _
    j w => ɥ * / _ {@consonant, $}
    j => * / {j, ɥ} _
    
degemination cleanup:
    {rr, ɾr, rɾ, ɾɾ} => r
    @consonant$1 $1 => $1 *
    @hfric => * / _ @hfric

delengthen cleanup:
    @vowel&[-stress]$1 $1 => $1 *

assimilation-of-b:
    b => * / {m _, _ m}

lenition-of-plosives-before-nasals:
    {p, pʰ, t, tʰ, k, kʰ} => {b, p, d, t, g, k}	/ _ {m, n, ŋ}

lenition-of-b:
    b => v

lenition-of-d:
    d => ɾ // {n _, _ {r, j}}

lenition-of-g:
    gj => z
    Then: g => ɣ // {l _, _ l, $ _ ə}
    Then: g => ɦ

iotacisation-of-l:
    l => j / tʰ _

sibilantisation-of-th:
    tʰ => sʰ

lenition-of-g2:
    g => ɦ / {l _, _ l}

lenition-of-d2:
    d => z / n _
    Then: dj => z
    Then: dr => ɦl

collapse-of-s-plosive:
    s {p, pʰ, t, tʰ, k, kʰ} => tʰ / _ $
    Then: {p, pʰ, t, tʰ, k, kʰ} s => tʰ / _ @vowel
    Then: s => * / {_ {p, pʰ, tʰ, k, kʰ}, {pʰ, tʰ, kʰ} _}

aspiration-before-s:
    {p,k} s => {pʰ,tʰ} *

debuccalisation-of-t-around-s:
    t => ʔ / {s _, _ s}

nasal-assimilation propagate:
    {n,ŋ} => m / _ {m, v, p, pʰ}
    {m,ŋ} => n / _ {n, s, z, d, ɾ, r, t, tʰ}
    {m,n} => ŋ / _ {ŋ, ɣ, g, k, kʰ}

raising-of-e-around-j:
    {ej,je} => i // {s, sʰ, z} _

# raising-of-o-near-u:
    # o => u / _ @consonant* u

deletion-of-h-before-j:
    h => * / _ j

palatalisation-of-velar-plosives:
    {k, kʰ} j => {c, cʰ} *

iotacisation-of-l2:
    l => j / {s, tʰ} _

unvoicing-of-nasals:
    {s, h, ʔ} {m, n, ŋ} => * {m̥, n̥, ŋ̊}
    {m, n, ŋ} {s, h} => {m̥, n̥, ŋ̊} *
    {ʔ / {m, m̥} _, ʔ / {n, n̥} _, ʔ / {ŋ, ŋ̊} _} => {p, t, k}
    Then: {m, n, ŋ} => {m̥, n̥, ŋ̊} / {@unvoiced _, _ @unvoiced}

# debuccalisation-of-plosives-after-nasal:
    # {p / {m, m̥} _, t / {n, n̥} _, k / {ŋ, ŋ̊} _} => ʔ

lowering-of-vowels-around-h:
    h {a, e, i, o, u} => * {a, e, e, a, o}
    {a, e, i, o, u} h => {a, e, e, a, o} *

debuccalisation-of-s:
    s => h // {_ {p, pʰ, t, tʰ, k, kʰ, l, j, ʔ}, {ʔ, l} _}

raising-of-vowels-near-glottal-stop:
    ʔ (@consonant*)$1 {a,e,i,o,u} => * $1 {e,i,i,u,u}
    {a,e,i,o,u} (@consonant*)$1 ʔ => {e,i,i,u,u} $1 *

raising-of-o-near-w:
    o => u / {w _, _ w}

devoicing-of-l-before-s:
    l => n̥ / _ s